Transcultural Nursing Essay Example for Free

Transcultural Nursing EssayThe country of Nigeria is located in westerly Africa bordering the Gulf of Guinea (Bureau of African Aff conducts, 2011). The Cultural interview discussed in this paper was conducted on a 33 year old man who migrated to the United States of America from Nigeria 4 years ago. Nigeria has over 50 languages and over 250 dialects and social groups (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). The three largest groups be the Hausa-Fulani, the Igbo, and the Yoruba. Nigeria music is mostly folk- identical. It is very ordinary worldwide due to the unique instruments played such as the gongon drums (Faola Heaton, 2008). The person I interviewed is a coworker of mine. Our interview likewisek place in Taco Bell in Willoughby, Ohio, November 20th at 11 A. M. We spoke for about 1 hour and 40 proceeding. During our interview I asked questions about the standards of living in Nigeria, and cultural beliefs and practices. I also asked individual questions about personal lif e and perceptions about Nigerian and American culture. According to my interviewee most of the mobs in Western Africa are made out of brick. The only large number who are able to have things such as air conditioning, televisions, and telephone service are rich people.Most jobs in Nigeria pay in salary rather than by the hour. During my research for this as tracement I observe that the average interest rate to buy a home in Nigeria is 17% -24% (Bureau of African Affairs, 2011). The taxes are also higher when compared to the United States. The unemployment rate is change magnitude rapidly which is also accompanied by an increased in crime rates. Approximately, there is a hijack taking place every two minutes (Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, 2011). The traditional Nigerian family consists of the father, his wife, and their children.The father is considered the head of the household and usually works to bring in the money while his wife transmits care of the house and kid s. The oldest male or father is the dominant figure in the household, and all the decisions that may affect the family go through him first. The oldest son in the family can take such a role in the absence of the father. From a very girlish age, children (especially males) are expected to contri only ife to family obligations, and suspensor the family in all right smart necessary. Laziness is unacceptable and is considered a sign of weakness. The childrens responsibilities grow as they get older.It is not un vulgar for older sons to drop out of school so they can work and help the family. Daughters usually help with things such as cooking, doing laundry, babysitting, etc. Elders are treated with a dissever of respect and their advice and guidance is unendingly taken into consideration when making any important decisions. The proper way to greet an elder person is by kneeling down which is considered a sign of respect and obedience (Anonymous personalized Communication, Novemb er 25, 2011). Because of the rising unemployment rates, women are now also expected to work outside of their homes and contribute to their familys income.There are sure parts of Nigeria that are extremely traditional and where women are treated like possessions with no rights and loss of identity. In many cases women are expected to work and catch an income, primary(prenominal)tain the household duties, and fulfill the sexual desires of their men. Males are always admired while women are considered inferior. Females are usually raised to serve and be yielding and obedient to men (Anonymous person-to-person Communication, November 25, 2011). There are many marriages that end when the woman in the relationship gives birth to too many females (Faola Heaton, 2008).My interviewee states that this is less common in bigger more develop cities. Many families have an average of 10 or more children which is considered a sign of stability and good precondition however, this is also beco ming less common as having more children also leads to economic burden in todays society (Faola Heaton, 2008). Nigerians tend to be very family oriented people, and are usually very close to extended family and relatives. Most Nigerians live with their extended family in either the same house or in separate houses that are close together.Neighbors are often considered part of the extended family. It does not matter whether they are related or not (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011). My interviewee shared with me several stories of how when he was a kid his neighbors were very involved in his childhood practically raising him. Holiday celebrations are a fountain for big family gatherings and parties. There are many similarities when comparing holiday celebrations in Nigeria and the United States. Nigerians honor New Years Day, Christmas day, and Easter just like people do in the United States.Their labor day is often referred to as workers day. They also have a f reedom day where they celebrate their first real election of April 27th, 1994 (Faola Heaton, 2008). Election Day is also considered a public holiday. Nigeria has a dry season and a rainy season each(prenominal) year. Their Christmas is usually during the middle of summer. My research done for this assignment indicates that Rugby is the largest and most popular sport in Africa (Bureau of African Affairs, 2011) however, my interviewee states that Soccer is even more popular in Nigeria (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011).There are usually big festivals that occur before and after each game for both sports. Hunting is also a very popular sport in Western Africa. My interviewee describes Nigeria as a very beautiful place full of nature, and where deer are a lot bigger than in the United States. It is very common to see lions, leopards, rhinos, elephants and buffalo crossing streets or simply strolling around the side of roads. My interviewee is from South East Nigeria . also English, he speaks Ibibio and Efic which are two vernacular languages meaning they are native and indigenous in certain areas (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011).English is considered the official business language. My interviewee has a wife and two kids. He used to have his own business in Nigeria being a traveling agent and attended college to study marketing. His main goal is to become a Registered nurse (which he is currently attending school for) and to one day own his own business. Education is perceived to be very important in Western Africa culture even though many people never get the opportunity to attend college.Traditionally, most young adults continue living with their parents until they get married, even if they have to travel long distances for school (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011). Most people living in Nigeria have diets ground on organic foods that are low in preservatives, non-fried foods, and non-animal fat. Eating philia and goin g out to restaurants are options that are often avoided because very hardly a(prenominal) people can afford them. Most food consumed comes from local farms and mainly consists of crops such as plantains, corn, yams, and sweet potatoes.Papaya, pineapples, coconuts, oranges, mangoes, and bananas are also readily available. My interviewees favorite dishes are cassava which is a starchy root with a crisp white flesh and Nigerian Suya which are considered delicacies. Nigerian Suya is a method of roasting meat that tastes like barbecue. My interviewee dislikes American food because he says is very unhealthy and very hard to chew (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011). West African culture is rich in health care practices that consist of a variety of home and folk remedies.Many people visit shamans, exorcists, card readers, advisors and sorcerers just to mention a few prior to seeking conventional medical help from doctors. Many ethnic groups in Nigeria are against Western medicinal practice including vaccinations or taking any type of pill (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). Home remedies usually include special teas and foods recommended for specific illnesses. My interviewee states that when he or anyone else in his family is sick they try to rest as much as possible, take plenty of fluids, and visit a doctor.He also does yearly doctor checkups. One major risk sort in Nigerian culture is the lack of protection when having sex and having multiple sex partners or sex with strangers (Unites States Agency of International Development, 2011). Not participating in Western medicinal practices can be considered a risk behavior. Even though people seem to be very well aware of the dangers of such behavior they continue to do same thing out of ignorance and a variety of personal beliefs. My interviewee shared with me how difficult it was for him and his family to adapt to a new culture.Some examples effrontery were learning how to drive on the right side of the road, learning how to handle U. S. currency, and understanding American slang. I have been living in the United States for 13 years and I still do not understand American slang. My interviewee also had to learn how to heart and soul his own gas. In Nigeria gas stations pump the gas for you because they are afraid that you might try to drive away without paying (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011). One of the hardest things my interviewee had to learn was to control his Sense of distance and location when approaching people for the first time.He states that in Nigeria everyone is very close and friendly with each other. Touch is considered an integral part of Nigerian culture but is misinterpreted in the United States (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011). He states that when he first moved here he immediately noticed how people reacted to him strangely for acting too happy and friendly. Now he tries to be a bit more serious and reserved when meeting someone for the first time (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011).According to my interviewee most people in Nigeria are Christians. The few people that are not Christian usually worship different deities, spirits, ancestors, and Gods. There is a God for every element on earth and many other ones. The reason why Christianity is expanding rapidly is because of the many missionaries that come every year to help people in need and expand the message of God (Anonymous Personal Communication, November 25, 2011). My interviewee did not mention anything about Muslims or Islam.According to my research it is estimated that 50 percent of Nigerians are Muslims, 40 percent are Christian, and that remaining 10 percent practice various indigenous religions (McLaughlin, 2006). Differences between Muslims and Christians have created a lot of contravene in Nigeria. This is why most Nigerians try to marry within their own religion. The majority of Christians live in the sout hern part of Nigeria while the Muslims predominate in the North (McLaughlin, 2006). This assignment was challenging but very rewarding.I like to travel around the world and learn about different cultures. I get out put the knowledge learned from this assignment into action and encourage others to do the same. I think that it is important to keep an open mind and respect and think of any differences in culture. Expecting others to assimilate to ones culture is wrong and futile. Cultural diversity will always be a very important issue in nursing practice for many years to come. The United States of America is becoming a lot more than the so called melting pot and we nurses need to be prepared.

Space Time Compression Essay Example for Free

Space Time Compression EssaySpace time compression refers to the speed of transportation making places closer together in legal injury of social distance. In this free response answer it will highlight examples how technological advancements have connected people and places around the globe and also memorialise the relation to distance decay and friction of distance.The internet has connected us to over millions of different sites and has allowed us to communicate almost instantly to anyone in the world. With the extend in social media sites and applications, using an application like Facebook, a person from the fall in States can instant message (IM) to their family member in Australia and catch up versus having to carry through a letter and take 6-7 business days to arrive. With Friction of Distance it would difficult for a person in the old times to write to someone in a different far away country, especially overseas. It would take much energy and effort to get a letter from the United States to Australia first you would have to use the Pony Express then send it overseas and take it one month to arrive.Today the evolvement of transportation has surpassed any shed light on of transportation back in the ages. With cars, trains, jets, cruise liners, the ability to transport or travel is faster than ever before. The first earth tracks were created by humans carrying goods and a lot followed game trails. Now they have major highways and motored vehicles. Distance decay is decreased because of the amount of tourism in the world. It allows other people from different places in the world to interact with one another.With technological advancements in transportation and communication it has allowed many people and places to have greater interaction because of space-time compression.

Security Threats In Cloud Computing

Security Threats In debauch ComputingWhat is haze over computing? To explain Cloud computing in simple words, lets good say it is Internet computing, if we observe closely the internet is basically the collection of debauch thus, the overcloud computing word can be elaborated as using the internet, to its full potential, to provide organization and people, technology enabled oriented attend tos. Cloud computing let consumers devil, by the help of the internet, resources online from each corner of the world without the consider to worry about physical/technical maintenance and management issues of the real original resources.What is cloud computing security? To keep it in simple words, cloud security actually points out to a broad set of rules/regulation or policies, maybe set of technologies, or controls deployed solely for the sake of, to protect use data, and the linked infrastructure of cloud computing from the venomous intruder.If all seems good how come security threa t became an issue?The cloud computing technology is on the verge of peak. Its really a wonderful news for enterprises and organization who want to get things done with more quickness and easiness as comp atomic number 18d to past time but one need to keep their vision open to the possibility of data hijack. The famous Company IBM lies on top of companies providing cloud security with umteen options in hand to reduce risk. The 9 biggest threats right at one time according to a report that was released, on 29 February, from the Cloud Security Alliance atomic number 18Security Breach in terms of dataThe companies providing cloud environs face more commonly the same threat i.e. traditional corporate, yet out-of-pocket to the huge amount of data stored on their private servers, they are more vulnerable to the eyes of hackers or intruders. The information being leaked from their servers or exposed becomes publicise showing the drawback of the security area. Disaster occur when inf ormation such as trade secret, health information or intellectual property data are breachedIf such event occurs in which hacker or intruder outrun the security checks of cloud environment and data breach occur, then the organization providing the installment may end being washed up on the shore just like a broken ship because they may be filed or sued by the potential customers.To protect their environment, normally cloud owners, deploy security protocols in their services field but in the cloud organizations are responsible for(p) for protecting their own dataBroken authentication Compromised credentialsThe most common reasons for data breach are weak passwords, poor key sluttish authentication or certificate management. Companies often strive with identity management, as they try to give or deny permissions as defined to the users job role. more than important, keeping in view, they sometimes dont or forget to remove access of user when a job function changes or when a user leaves the environment of organization.The ways of multifactor authentication systems such as phone-based authentication, one-time passwords smartcards tends to protect cloud services because this make it quite harder for attackers, hacker to log or go in to access with stolen passwords.Many developers dont realize the danger of embedding credentials in source code and make such mistake and upload the source code on famous site where source code is easily fond such as GitHub and bit bucket.APIs Hacked interfacesNormally every cloud application and service now gives APIs access to its users. IT teams use APIs and interfaces to organize and connect with cloud pool, including those that offer cloud management, provisioning, monitoring, and orchestration.The availability and security of cloud services from authentication to encoding and access control and activity monitoring depend on the security level of that particular API. Risk level increases with commonly third parties that tends to rely on APIs and build an infrastructure on these interfaces, as organizations may feel the need to expose or portray more credentials or service, the CSA warned. vague APIs and interfaces expose company to security concerns related to integrity, confidentiality, accountability, and availability.APIs and interfaces are the most exposed and weak part of a system because theyre usually accessible and easily move ined access from the open Internet.Misuse system vulnerabilitiesExploitable bugs, or system vulnerabilities in application and programs, are not new, but theyve become rapidly a huge problem with the inclusion of multitenancy in cloud computing services. Organizations handshake databases, memory and other resources in close range to one another, giving panorama to new possible attack surfaces.Hijacking of AccountSoftware exploits, fraud and phishing are still the most successful way for intruders for back door gain access. Above all that, cloud services add a whole new level of dimension to the possibilities of threat because hackers can eavesdrop on non-homogeneous activities, modify data and manipulate transactions. Not only that, hackers may also use cloud application for their advantage to launch various other attacks.Cloud service provider should prohibit user from sharing of account security credentials between services and usersMalicious insidersThe threat from inside has many faces a former or current employee, a contractor, system administrator, business partner or a contractor. In a cloud system scenario, a malicious insider can destroy or burn the whole infrastructures to ground or manipulate system data. Systems that solely depend on the various cloud service provider for security implementation, such as data or key encryption, are at huge risk.The parasite Advantage persistent threat (APT)APTs normally and blend in normal traffic move through the network, so it becomes difficult to detect. The major cloud service providers make sure to apply good encryption techniques to prevent threat such as APTs from infiltrating or entering their building infrastructure.Common points of entering in the system include direct attacks, calamus phishing, USB or pen drives loaded with malware injection, and third-party compromised software networks.Totally Permanent loss of dataWith the day to day enhancement and cloud services of getting matured, reports of permanent loss of data due to error from provider have vanished into thin air. But intruders or malicious hackers are famous to white wash cloud data just to harm businesses and bring the service provider to ground, and cloud data provider centers are at risk to natural disasters as any common facility.Cloud service providers advice or recommend their user to distribute their data and applications across various multiple layers of zones for much more added protection.Abuse of cloud service powerThe disaster that can occur from the misuse of cloud service power can ne ver be mapped of any graph scale. It has the temperament to support various criminal activities such as using the resources of cloud technology to break in to gain encryption key in align to launch various attack such as sending phishing email, messages or filling mailbox with spam mails, launching famous DDoS attack to shut beat server or hosting malicious content.

Management Of Strategic Policy In Education Education Essay

Management Of Strategic insurance In educational performance upbringing EssayWhat is sport. According to the Concise Oxford Online Dictionary, sport is being described as an activity which involves the physical exertion and skill in which a person or team competes against one another. Sports should be included as part of a whole in a students life. Sports buttocks actually benefits in health and overly train one to develop skills like teamwork as they can be the leaders among the students in the sport team. As such, Berry Berry Easy intercommunicate claimed that their readers have actually benefitted from their appointment in various sports which they most voluntarily participated in the sports of their choice. But in the current era, students atomic number 18 not being participating in sports and they need to be forced in vagabond to get them into sports. They prefer playing online games where in that location is no much physical exertion involves. As so, taking this matt er into the consideration, our Ministry of commandment in Malaysia have come up with a form _or_ system of authorities.We would like to highlight the latest 1 student 1Sport constitution which is being introduced by the Ministry of grooming in Malaysia. This insurance is being introduced in the hope that we can produce more students who be well balanced in both academic and sports.Policy experienceation, Dye (2002) indicates that implementation involves all of the activities designed to carry proscribed the policies enacted by the legislative branch. These activities include the creation of new organizations like departments, agencies, bureaus, and so on, or the engagement of new responsibilities to existing organizations. These organizations must translate laws into operational rules and regulations. They must hire personnel, draw up contracts, spend money, and perform tasks. All of these activities involve decisions by bureaucrats decisions that narrow down indemnity.D efinitionAccording the 1M1S Guidebook, it states that single Student oneness Sport Policy (1M1S) requires all the students to participate in at to the lowest degree one sport activity in schools. This insurances main aim is to support the implementation and in line with the National Education Philosophy that focuses to produce individuals who argon physically, spiritually, intellectually and emotionally balanced.This policy is in line with the National Sport Policy, which emphasized on the Sports for All and Sports for Excellence. 1M1S policy program requires every student from Standard 4 in primaryhand schools up to Form 6 in secondary school to complete at least one sporting activity conducted in a plotted and systematic way. 1S 1M policy is based on the basic principles of physical development of pupils. Hence, 1S 1M policy is created to provide main course for all pupils to benefit from participation in sports in particular to those who were less active or not develop a sc hool sport towards increasing the participation rate of students in at least one sport in schools and to provide opportunities for all students who be talented and have the potential to be polished to a higher level. (1M1S Guidebook, 2011)According the 1M1S Guidebook, a sport is very important in building up the physical ability of pupils to support and in line with the phrase Minda yang Cerdas terletak pada Tubuh yang Sihat which fuddleds an intelligent top dog lies within a healthy body. In this circumstance, sports play an important role in nurturing an active, productive and healthy human in order to be suitable to contribute to the economic development as well as to the social welfare. Thus, a variety of sports were introduced in order to attract the students practicing an active and healthy lifestyle.Ministry of Education (MoE) implemented 1S1M policy so that every student benefits and gets to enjoy the sports in hope of forming the next generation of sports culture in lin e with the academic requirements (1M1S Guidebook, 2011). guess and ConceptIn short, the elite theory is viewed as the preferences and values of governing elite. As said by Dye (2002), public officials and administrators me imprecate carry out the policies decided on by the elite. Policies flow downward from elites to masses the policy does not arise from mass demands. This elite theory instigates the top-down approach in the policy implementation process.Educational development and policy in Malaysia have always been characterized by governments effort to adapt education to address to social, economic and semipolitical development needs of the country. The Malaysian education system is a super centralized and bureaucratic system where most of the important policy decision do occurs out of doors the schools. The MoE decides on the allocation of funds to schools, prescribes and standardizes what should be taught in schools, transfers teachers in and out of schools and formulates top-down school reforms (Zabidi, 2012).Approaches and ModelsAccording to Plzl and Treib (2006), there are triplet generations of implementation research that can be categorized into three distinct theoretical approaches in order to study the implementation.The first model described by Plzl and Treib (2006) forget be the top-down models in which their fury rely on the ability of the decision makers to produce unambiguous policy objectives and on arrogant the implementing stage. The second pass on be the bottom-up models in which it critiques and view the local bureaucrats as the main actors in the policy delivery and conceive of implementation as negotiation processes within networks among the implementers. And lastly the synthesizer theories in which it tries to overcome the divide between the two approaches by incorporating elements of top-down and bottom-up theoretical models.In this persona study, we are considering the Top-down theory as we believe that all policies implem ented in Malaysia are based on the Top-down theory. It is always been that the policy makers who are the government will annouce the policy that they have planned and let the implementers who are the teachers to implement the policy accordingly.In an article taken from TheStar online dated 18th demonstrate 2010, The Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, said that sports will be introduced to school timetables in year 2011 as a new subject. He alike mentioned that under the 1Student, 1Sport policy, secondary school students would get 90 minutes a week to play a game of their choice, while primary pupils would spend 60 minutes weekly. He emphasized that the Physical Education subject would still be taught as it had a specific syllabus. This shows that the Minister is giving the suggestion and in addition assurance of what the students will get out of the 1M1S policy when it is being implemented.In an article taken from TheStar online dated 14th July 2010, Tan Sri Muhyidd in Yassin mentioned We have informed our officers on the appropriate ways to implement this at both primary and secondary school levels, as students of different ages have a different approach to sports, at a press conference after opening the Second Asean Schools Games at the Kuala Lumpur Football Stadium. This shows that the Malaysia uses the Top-down theory in implementing the 1M1S policy. This excerpt defines that the Ministers cabinet was told on how to implement this policy in schools to cater the needs of different levels of students.Above mentioned articles shows the scenario happening in Malaysia where the Deputy Prime Minister similarly the Education Minister, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin announces the 1M1S policy in public behalf of the Education Ministry board. This claim can be supported by the top-down theories started from the assumption that policy implementation starts with a decision do by central government as said by Plzl and Treib (2006).As Plzl and Treib (2006) m entioned, the top downers essentially followed a prescriptive approach that construe policy as input and implementation as output brokers. The author as well as mentioned due to their emphasis on decisions of central policy makers, deLeon (2001) describes top-down approaches as a governing elite phenomenon.Plzl and Treib (2006) also claimed that Press and Wildavsky started from the assumption that policy objectives are set out by central policy makers in which it refers to the the Ministry of Education. The authors also underlined the linear relationship between agreed policy goals and their implementation. Implementation therefore implied the establishment of adequate bureaucratic procedures to ensure that policies are executed as accurately as possible. To this end, implementing agencies should have sufficient resources at their disposal, and there needs to be a system of clear responsibilities and hierarchical control to supervise the actions of implementers (Plzl and Treib, 2 006). This can be seen that the Malaysia Education Ministry assumes the 1M1S policy formation and execution as disticnt activities in which the 1M1S policy is set at the higher levels and accordingly sent out the order of implementation to their lower level bureaucrats who are the implementing agencies the education officers in all levels (state,district and school) which are then charged with the managerial, administrative and technical tasks of putting the 1M1S policy into practice. The MoE also gives the time to accomplish the implementation without considering the sufficient resources that needed to ensure the implementation to succeed.Some selected models of policymaking are taken into consideration before implementing the 1M1S policy via top-down approach. The first model that is taken into consideration is the institutionalism model where the model treats the policy as institutional output. According to Dye (2002), the relationship between the public policy and government in stitutions is very close in which the policy is authoritatively determined, implemented and enforced by government institutions, namely Parliament, Prime Minister, bureaucracies and so on. In unison to this model, 1M1S policy is being authoritatively determined and enforced by the MoE.The second model that counts is the rationalism model which treats the policy as maximum social gain. Dye (2002), utter that no policy should be adopted if its costs exceed its benefits. The policy is considered rational when the difference between the values it achieves and the values it sacrifices is positive and is greater than some(prenominal) other policy alternatives. Reflecting from this models point of view in this 1M1S policy, the outcome in future will be beneficial to the country as this policy will produce more talented sports people in various sports activities, get participated in many international games and making our country proud by pleasing more medals in various games.Implementa tion Techniques UtilizedIn the case of 1 Student 1 Sport (1M1S) policy, information provision technique is highly utilized. The provision of information is an essential element of the functioning of any community. Providing information in a timely and targeted manner can be a considerable benefit. Without a means to provide facts and data, policy implementers would not be able to make well-considered decisions about how the policy should be operated.The 1M1S Policy Implementation Handbook was publish in order to help policy implementers with the dispersion of the policy. Through the handbook, the states education office, the districts education office, the schools sport development committee, the teachers, as well as the Parents instructors Associations, are presumption guidelines on how to employ the policy.School sports program implementation under 1M1S policy is to be conducted throughout the year. However, schools are encouraged to plan the implementation of sports programs in accordance with the availability, affordability and creativity and innovation the schools. There are a total of 42 different sports/games intended for the implementation of the 1M1S. The policy makers also proposed some sports activities to be carried out throughout the year. For example general sports programs which includes cross-country, and track and field.In the handbook, 15 strategies in carrying out the 1M1S policy were also presented. Every school is recommended to follow the strategies presented depending on the quickness and the existing infrastructure in schools. Schools are given the flexibility to choose, determine or modify the method of execution as appropriate, means and needs of the school. Schools may also plan other methods if deemed appropriate. Some examples of those strategies would be to undertake survey to identify student interest in certain sports, survey of sports facilities in and outside the school that can be used by students, and scheduling school sports program activities in accordance with the appropriate time based on the accent and school facilities.The Ministry of Education also provided sports training modules for school sports club advisory teachers. Currently there are 20 training modules for 10 different sports are made available for both primary and secondary schools through the MoEs website. These modules are helpful as guidelines for sports club advisory teachers and trainers, and are also useable as visual aids for students in the course of their training. The management guideline for track and field (athletics) championships in school is also made available in the MoEs website. This is useful as it will aid teachers especially novice teachers in managing athletics championships in school, as it provides proper guidance.Professional circulars, and sports and co-curriculum press letters are also given out by the MoE from time to time, in order to steer policy implementers towards achieving the goal of the pol icy. Thus it is evident that, in the implementation of 1M1S, the policy makers rely heavily on information provision as an instrument of policy implementation.Implementers InvolvedThere are many implementers involved in the diffusion of 1 Student 1 Sport. As the students are the target group for the policy, the school itself is the main implementer of the policy. The school must hold competitions between levels, classes, sports houses, dorms, and sports clubs of schools. The students participation in the order School Sports Council (Majlis Sukan Sekolah-Sekolah Daerah MSSD) or State School Sports Council (MSSM) competitions as well as on international level are counted as 1Student 1Sport activities.But who is the school? Who is responsible for(p) for all those competition? Every school has a School Sports Development Committee. Teachers are a big part of the implementers involved. Teachers are appointed as heads of smaller managing committees, sports/club advisors, and also train ers. This is indeed a great challenge for teachers, as they are already laden with other school tasks.The Co-curricular Senior Assistant Teacher is also an important implementer figure. The Co-curricular Senior Assistant Teacher is responsible for the smooth administration of the co-curricular activities, enhancing student performance as well as the involvement and participation of teachers in extra-curricular activities. Moreover, they are also responsible to work with the Parents Teachers Association (PTA) of the schools regarding co-curriculum matters, who are the implementers involved as well.Parents Teachers Associations are also integral to the implementation of the policy. With support and edible by the PTA, it can provide insights and lessen the burden of the teachers in the diffusion of the policy.The Chairman of the School Sports Development Committee is the principal/head attain of the schools. The District Education Office acts as the advisor, while the State Education Office is the Patron of the School Sports Development Committee. The Principal monitors the operation of the policy at the school level. They then report to the District Education Office, and then the District Education Office reports to the State Education Office.These policy implementers face the reality of promoting the learning of sports to groups of students, with all their diversity and complexity. Moreover each context creates a set of variable with which policy implementers must contend, and policy initiators are often unaware or unimpressed. Policy makers and policy implementers want the same things the best possible educational sports experience for students. These implementers are important in assuring the success of the 1M1S policy diffusion.MonitoringMonitoring helps to access degrees of compliance, discover unintended consequences of policies and programs, identify implementational obstacles and constraints, and locate sources of responsibility for departures from po licy. (Dunn, 1994). According to Dunn, there are 2 levels of monitoring Macroimplementation Monitoring and Microimplementation Monitoring.Macroimplementation monitoring consists of tracing the process by which a policy progresses from legislation to action in order to determine (i) what is being implemented, (ii) why is it taking a particular form, and (iii) what actions can be taken to influence implementation.Microimplementation monitoring consists of collecting information to describe the a policy has taken in various implementing jurisdictions in order to determine (i) the extent of compliance, (ii) the variant a policy has undergone, (iii) reasons for noncompliance and adaptation, and (iv) manipulatable aspects of implementation.Monitoring of the implementation of the management of 1M1S by the school management is part of the strategy to evaluate and ensure the success and potentiality of sporting activities undertaken. This aims to examine aspects of management and use of eq uipment, regulatory compliance, health, safety and welfare and student participation in school sports program. The monitoring process shall be conducted by the school management throughout the year. Improvements are to be carried out by the school from time to time to ensure the implementation of the 1M1S.Policy ProblemsPolicy businesss are unrealized needs, values, or opportunities for improvement that may be pursued through public action, as defined by David Dery. According to Russell A. Ackoff, policy problems are products of pattern acting on environments they are elements of problems situation. William N. Dunn also utter that policy problems are the products of subjective human judgment.There are three questions to be considered about the spirit of policy problems, as suggested by William N. Dunn. How well do we understand the problem? Have we identified the right objectives? Are we solving the wrong formulation of problem when we should be solving the right one?Problems En countered in iodine Student One SportThe availability of school infrastructureSchool infrastructure is the previous fundamental requirement for the success implementation of the policy One Student One Sport. Schools should have provided adequate sports facilities and equipment to maximize the opportunities of physical activities. Lacking of space, playing fields, sports equipment will cause the deficiency of the policy. Moreover, the variation of sports and its equipment is much circumscribed in schools. Schools in Malaysia which have already established for years inevitably needed an upgrading.The readiness of teachers as sports trainersTeachers are undoubtedly the implementers of the policy, which is to be the sports trainers in schools. Their readiness in terms of physically, mentally or technically is dubious indeed. Most teachers who are involved are assigned by the management of schools. They do not have relevant qualification in sports teaching or physical education. It is a setback for them to coach students instructionally appropriate. The implementation of this policy should not be just letting students to play any sport they wish as usual.The choices of sports in schoolsThe choices of sports in schools are limited as the sports facilities and equipment are not adequate. For those existing sports facilities and equipment in schools, some of them are not well maintained too. As the policy One Student One Sport focuses on students, it is crucial to take in students personal interest of the particular sports into consideration. Hence, the choices of sports in schools are most probably in short write out to cater for students need in their selected physical activities.The different abilities of studentsStudents physical ability is one essential factor to be reflected in the policy of One Student One Sport. Students with strong physical ability or competence will be motivated to participate actively in sports and thus bringing this policy a success. N evertheless, students who have low physical competence will be marginalized as they are not able to enjoy the sports activities in schools. As a result, they lose interest in sports and this policy becomes an extra burden in their shoal days.The ratio between the number of students and teachersThe ratio between students and teachers is an influence factor towards the policy attainment. In most schools, the number of teachers is far more exceeding the number of students. The number of students as participants is not meeting the expected amount. Students tend to concord their absence or nonparticipation by giving all sorts of excuses.The lack of support from parentsParents support directly impacts on the policy of One Student One Sport either it is a bane or boon. Parents support helps students in developing their interest in sports. However, parents nowadays place a strong emphasis on academic excellence of their children. Students who are examination oriented failed to be benefici al from the policy.Solutions of the policy problemsSolution of the policy problems produce information about the likelihood that future courses of action will result in consequences that are valuable to some individual, group or society as a whole, as stated by William N. Dunn. He added that this process engages between the transformations of information about policy futures to action which will then come in valued results. Any effect to the policy problems must be actionable, that is going beyond the fact and involving actions that aim to satisfy need, values and opportunities for improvement, (Alexander George, 1980).Solutions to the Problems Encountered in One Student One Sport increment the allocation of sports fund in schoolsAllocation of sports funds in schools should be increased in order to improve on the schools infrastructure. Sports facilities and equipment have to be grow in terms of quantity, whereas the existing facilities and equipment should be upgraded, especially in their quality. Variation of sports activities should be added in as well as introduced in schools for students. By having a variety of choices, students can have better chance to develop their interest in sports. As a result, the number of students who participate in sports will be raised.Select the right teachers as sports trainersTeachers have to be equipped with high quality coaching skills for the particular sports that they are in charged with. Students need to master the basic skills in their chosen sports as a kick start for their development of interest in sports through teachers coaching. Therefore, teachers as sports trainers have to be instructionally happy in certain sports. Expertise and technical skills of sports trainers make a difference in students life. Schools management can provide sufficient supports to teachers as a mean to enhance their enthusiasm of being sports trainers in schools.Incorporate sports as part of academicSports can be incorporated as part of academic as a way to encourage students to be more actively engaged in it. Sports can be integrated in schooling hours, but not to be in the extension of schooling hours. This is hopefully to re-gather the support of parents to encourage their childrens participation. It is intended to minimize the inconvenience of sending their children back to school after schooling hours. Furthermore, sports activities can be accountable for higher percentage in students academic as to counter the problem of examination oriented mindset, either of the students or the parents. finisEvery policy started off with a noble purpose. However, the process of implementing it in reality is what it really matters after all. It is not to say that the noble purposes are there to defend any deficiency of the outcomes. Hence, policy in action is what to be the main focus. Undeniably, the evaluation of policy comes after the implementation over a stop consonant of time. Problems are identified and then follo wed by recommended solution. It is a process, a cycle which keeps going on.Sport is an integral part in ones life. One Student One Sport is a policy with the vision of creating a balance and healthy lifestyle among students. It is indeed a well plan policy which seen to be a complete one for the society, schools, teachers and students. Nevertheless, to implement any policy in Malaysia, it has to be confronted with all aspects considering the fact of every school where it will be the setting of the policy implementation. One policy is not to be able to fulfil every ones need.

Analysis Of The Gattaca Film Film Studies Essay

Analysis Of The Gattaca Film Film Studies Es recordThe film Gattaca explores the possibilities of future technology development, and the way in which these advances would affect society. For example, would a society composed of two lucid social classes, and the inequality surrounded by them really be an advance? Those who argon non genetically manipulated to so -called idol in a lab, but inbredly conceived, be given the name in-valid god children or de-gene-erates , and ar treated as second class. Natural world in the not too distant future is rejected in the society of Gattaca, with genetic manipulation clavern as what has become the natural way. Due to the variation of in-valids, what would present days multiculturalism and racial diversity be in a time much(prenominal) as that of Gattaca? Would the importance of individualisation or personal individuality element be discarded? As Vincent tells the dish Today we cede discrimination d aver to a science. Gattacas plo t and character portrayal asks the beauty this, showing us that unique genetic acquitup wouldnt enumerate- infact, personal qualities would be scrutinised, pushed aside and unwanted. It is clear that director Andrew Niccol aims to inform the viewer of this through such examples as Irenes gist shortcoming which doesnt allow her to pursue her dream, unconstipated though she is a valid. Another example is Vincents moreover way to be accepted into society is to lie and assume a valids identity. Technology enables Vincent to do so, but infact it is technology that first gear leads to Vincents rejection from his surrounding world, as he was naturally conceived, and in that respectfore is constant suffering under the burden to someways be equally accepted.I believe Niccols mess shape up to the viewer is that in order to truly benefit from the power to change the environment, such as advances in technology better-looking us the baron to genetically manipulate, we first have to con sider both the advantages and disadvantages of our actions to fully understand them. For instance, we must ask ourselves should equality, ambition and individuality be traded for catergorisation in an institutional system with distinction. As actor Jude Law, who plays Jerome, says Andrew creates this manicured world in which human spiritings are nerve-wracking to burst come out of the closet, in which the quest to make a better society has destroyed individuality. So if we were to live in a future such as that of Gattaca, wouldnt we lose more than we would gain? exempt the meaning of the cites in the pre-exposition sequence. Which of these quotes is best supported by the film text?Consider Gods handi persist who kitty straighten what he hath made crooked? Ecclesiastes 711I shade this quote is the moral to be learnt within the films plot, as it asks the viewer why fix what isnt broken? In the society of Gattaca, wealthiness determines depute what parents coffin nail afford d ecides how perfect their child ordain be. This raises the issue of in-valids separation from valids (and the whole surrounding society), and the suffocation of in-valids desires. This butt end be referred to with Vincent, as his impulse to journey to space. The social hierarchy and racial engagements in Gattaca therefore leave of absence in-valids ultimately no reason to live. For instance, Vincent didnt have high expectations set on him by his parents as he was an in-valid, but all the same managed to pursue his dreams- only by following societys mould (appearing as a valid). This quote represents the idea that imperfections should be apprehended rather than dismissed, and that temper, disdain its imperfections is preferable to a genetically engineered existence due to its consequences. The viewer is shown that the importance of individualism in nature is too valuable and Gordian to be overridden by genetics. I therefore feel that this quote more strongly supports the fi lms plot and character portrayal.I not only mobilise that we give tamper with Mother Nature. I think Mother wants us to. William GaylinThis quote, contradicting the previous, represents the opposing opinion that perhaps God himself is not perfect, as He created a blemish world, and that having the ability to change it means we should change it. The need to perfect Mother Nature is a temptation, which increases whilst technology continues to make this ability even more obtainable. By showing the viewer what the future may put to work, Niccol is hinting that society is cosmos constantly challenged whether to interfere with what has been provided for us even today, and that these primaeval signs may lead to such manipulating in Gattaca along with its consequences. Surely we should take advantage of technological advances, but will correcting Gods mistakes really precede in a more beneficial outcome? This quote is representing what is presented to the viewer directly through the films plot and character portrayal, asking the advantages of humans adopting a God-like power to be considered. But due to the blurred breeze among health and enhancement that Niccol informs us of, a constant need to perfect will always be present. So should we eliminate Gods mistakes if we are able to? Would prehension an opportunity in reach seem logical? This quote suggests the approach Sure. wherefore not? brain 3 How have the film makers established the difference mingled with the natural born Vincent and the genetically selected Anton in the sequence that shows them as children? (E.g. camera shots and angles, illuminate and symbolism)To convey the difference between Vincent and his brother Anton, certain lighting and camera angles are employ. For instance, Vincent is conceived at the nautical at sunset in a natural setting expressageing calmness. The waves gently lap the shore, also indicating calmness and serenity, and this Vincent will be a product of nature rather t han a lab. The close-up of rosary beads and a Christian cross indicate that that a God-child will be born to this couple, and that natural and religious beliefs have influenced Vincents conception. The fading light represents the beginning of a new day, but the viewer is given the impressions that Vincents birth will bring turmoil to his parents. By the doctors and Vincents parents expressions after Vincent is born, the beginning of Vincents rejection from society is immediately shown. This instant elimination from birth is emphasised when the viewer is t experient of Vincents life expectancy, a short 30.2 years, and his don reacts to this. Other negative data such as Vincents heart defect and ADHD probability is determined without delay to establish if Vincent is quotable of any acceptance. By only informing the viewer of Vincents probable deficiencies, and not the benefits, this again adds to Vincent appearing in open(a) and excluded ever since the moment he was born. The hospit al scene uses the same low, dazed lighting as that of Vincents conception. This is not an expected light in a surgical environment, as it is good-for-nothing, with the only light coming from the windows. This same washed out sepia t ace is seen when Vincent, as a toddler, falls and his mother over-anxiously runs to him. In this scene, we are again shown Vincents incapability, appearing weak and dependent. This lighting used also portrays the characters emotions for example, low, gloomy light indicates uncertainty and doubt when Vincent is born. The closing of the iron-bar gate at the preschool where Vincent is denied admission indicates not only Vincents rejections, but also the rejection his parents suffer, as they are made to feel ashamed to have brought such a burden into a perfect world. The bars represent exclusion being locked in or locked out, and Vincent and his parents are definitely being almost banned like a contagious disease from which separation is necessary. The lo w gloomy light throughout Vincents childhood is used to express that these are not bright, happy memories, but a different recollection. This same light is again used when Vincents parents visit the geneticist. In this scene, iodin specific go on motif is referred to. This is the helix, which can be seen extensively in the structure of staircases and also the toy that Vincent is playing with. Perhaps the playing with of this toy represents the doubt should genetics be toyed with, and if so, should it be treated like childs play? The use of the helix motif within the staircase at the geneticists perhaps represents Gattacas society rising to new high and understandings of such things as technology and genetic manipulation.When we are first introduced to Anton, a noticeable change in lighting is evident. When his father is measuring his height, Anton is bathed in a golden, glowing light almost heavenly, as he is worthy of praise and his fathers name, whereas Vincent was not. The se ts colour is richer and the positioning of the characters in the scene indicates that Vincent is left over(p) behind, and that his parents and Anton have formed their own family unit that doesnt involve Vincent. Infact, he has been pushed aside in his impurity. The viewer is shown by the measurements of the brothers that at age eight, Anton is taller, better looking and has a broader figure than Vincent, who at age ten is smaller, sk national and wears glasses. Through this comparison, we are shown which brother is stronger and ultimately, which is better. When Vincent erases is own name from beneath his brothers it is clear that Vincent is feeling the impact of this constant judgment. The fact that Vincents parent chose to have another(prenominal) son adds to the competitiveness of this comparison. For example, strengths and weaknesses wouldnt have been so obvious if Vincent was to have a sister. The family unit excluding Vincent that has been formed can again be referred to when Vincent is shown sitting isolated from Anton and his parents eating breakfast. The viewer is shown Vincent feeding himself intellectually with a book, whereas Anton just eats he has no excuse to fail, therefore not needing this source.The first game of red jungle fowl, when Vincent and Anton are children, we see Anton refusing to be Vincents blood brother, as he fears contamination by inferior blood. Whilst the boys swim, an aerial shot is used, showing Anton being more physically capable than his brother, strongly swimming ahead. A high camera angle is then used to show a defeated, helpless Vincent suffering in his difficulty. Genetics favourable position is portrayed, and the viewer is shown Vincent in a defenceless position, again appearing the weaker. Also, when Vincent lays out his model solar system, Anton snatches Pluto (an apple), low camera angles are used when Anton is shown, giving a sense of superiority, in contrast to the high camera angles looking down on Vincent, g iving the impression that that he is the im processed the son who wasnt worthy of thus fathers name.Question 4 Consider the implications of the names of the main characters Vincent Freeman and Jerome Morrow.Vincent Freeman, being an in-valid, is not as his name implies. The name Vincent, meaning victorious and to conquer, could be an oxymoron, as is Vincents surname. Freeman, meaning one not to be forbidden by law in other words, free to do as he pleases, is not how Vincent is seen as through societys discriminative eyes. Vincent cannot turn his dream into a reality without changing the way in which he is observed by surrounding valids (assuming the identity of a valid). in that respectfore he is not victorious or conquering in the beginning, but by the end of the film, he does manage to journey to titan despite being discovered a broken ladder. So, perhaps the name Vincent Freeman is an indication of the characters journey throughout the films plot Vincent tells us it all began w hen he first saved Antons whilst playing chicken. This is the moment when Vincent discovers he has the strength and object to excel in his hostile world, and the instant he realises that his inclination is possible to be come upond, he doesnt once look back. In the end, it seems this name may well be suitable for Vincent, having the ability to fulfil his desire of trip to space, conquering and good luck free of restraint set upon him (his family, for instance) and victoriously overruling genetic superiority with the power of the natural human spirit. For what its worth, Im here to tell you that it is possible, Vincent tells Irene. Vincent journey of aspiring and determination shows the viewer this.Jerome Morrow The name Jerome, meaning holy, indicates Jerome as being the desires result a valid. The meaning of Morrow is sea warrior. This relates to Jeromes swimming past and him winning silver instead of gold. The meaning sea warrior, no longer appropriate as he no longer has the physical ability to swim, could be a taunt towards Jerome, indicating that he is drowning in a sea of defeat and self-pity due to not meeting his genetic profile by coming second. Also, the fact that his suicide plan didnt go to plan indicates his visitation to win. Perhaps Morrow may be an intentional rhyme with sorrow as Vincent tells He (Jerome) had everything except desire.Alternatively, Jeromes surname may also be related to the question do we really want tomorrow to become what we see in Gattaca? with genetics ruling over human spirit and individuality. This is perhaps a clear warning to the viewer would this be a new hope or burden? Jerome has no intention of seeing tomorrow. Infact he has wanted to, and tried to, flying from tomorrow every since he was second best. Jerome realises that having helped Vincent pursue his goal, he no longer needed to exist in tomorrow, and decided to leave on a high note taking his failures with him, rather than falling back down into his se a to drown in sorrow.Later, Jerome asks Vincent to call him Eugene. This is extremely close to the word eugenics, which is the learn and practice of selective breeding applied to humans. Also, the meaning of the name Eugene is well born, noble, which is exactly what Jerome is. Vincent tells Jerome Jerome Morrow. Its a nice name. To which Jerome replies Its my name. But I cant be you without it, Vincent says. So even though Jerome is giving away his first name (meaning holy) to Vincent, he still owns a sense of superiority by using the name Eugene. This allows him to still feel he has an identity, although most of it was given to Vincent.Question 5 What is the significance of being an in-valid?Imagine a society in which there were two distinct groups valids and in-valids. Suppose you were born an in-valid you were a victim of discrimination, or genoism. How would you truly feel? We can see that the in-valids are assigned the menial jobs- the jobs they cannot escape from due to their imperfections at birth. No matter how hard Vincent tried and longed to be accepted for his difference, being an in-valid would never allow him to be. Fate was never on Vincents side right from the start, as the constant comparison between him and Anton was the underlying discrimination that was the foundation of Vincents segregation from society. For instance, Vincent tells us Today we have discrimination down to a science. Also, both Vincent and Irene had heart conditions, although Irene was a valid and Vincent an in-valid. Perhaps Irenes validness is an indication that genetics perfect creations dont always guarantee ideal results. The definition of in-valid, weak and sickly one who is change by a chronic illness or disability, is strongly related to Vincents incapability to live up to the desired result a flawless being who fits comfortably inside the mould created for them ever since their new natural conception. The definition of valid is producing the desired result, having legal force, legitimate all of these things Vincent cannot aspire to as he simply forbidden to even try. For instance Anton tells him I have a right to be here, you dont. To which Vincent later replies Do you have any idea what it took to give-up the ghost in here? This is an indication of Vincent achievement of entering Gattaca, but there are still further stars to reach for (journeying to space).Think about the word in-valid. Why the hyphen? The hyphen turns invalid (an adjective) into in-valid (a noun). But maybe the use of the hyphen is deeper than that. Perhaps this is another indication of the isolation of in-valids. The hyphen separates the two those apparently pure and impure.Question 6 Discuss the frequent references to swimming in the text in what ways have the film makers given this significance?Swimming is a recurring motif in Gattaca and significant indications of this can be referred to several times throughout the film. The first time is when Vincent and Anton playin g chicken, and when Anton wins, the impression is given that his determination to be the superior brother is already present. This is implying genetic superiority mainly on a physically level. The second game of chicken was when it all began Vincent is shown as a product of a natural world, thriving in the few aspects of natural world that still exists in an artificial world. Thus this is why Vincent finds his inner strength in the ocean, something too large to be manipulated by mankinds ignorance. Also in the second game, clearer water symbolises fewer obstacles for Vincent in achieving his goal.Although we are asked to consider the choice of the fittest idea, by Vincent saving Anton, the survival of the mentally fittest is suggested. Through the games of chicken we are shown that swimming is still a familiar physical activity in the future, despite technological advances, genetic manipulation and social hierarchy that may occur. The recurring swimming theme is also an indication of a source of equality between valids and in-valids, as swimming is something that surprisingly doesnt require the correct genetic makeup or physical ability (well, perhaps it does in Jeromes case).The viewer is told that adaption is necessary in order to survive- this is referring to the unpredictability of evolution, and again the survival of the fittest is referred to. Next we discover Jerome was a champion swimmer, as he had the ideal genetic profile, but becoming paralysed meant he was no longer physically capable. When we see Jerome climbing the stairs, we could say it was almost a swimming action, with the use of his arms pulling him forward.As swimming gets one from A to B, maybe a journey is to be acknowledged. This may be Vincent realising the power of his determination and inner strength. We first see this when he rescues Anton in the first game of chicken Vincent has the capability to win despite his in-validity.When Anton, as an adult, is shown swimming in a tank alone , the viewer is given the impressions he is racing against himself, trying the make up for his earlier losses to Vincent. Perhaps he is trying to erase the fact that an in-valid somehow was able to defy his genetic perfection- twice. In his tank, Anton is vent nowhere. Here the viewer is again being shown that once a genetically manipulated human, a valid, reaches their full potential, they neither feel the need to reach higher, pushing themselves to mentally be the best, or have the ability to. On the other hand, we could argue that Antons case is different, as he believes he is the stronger brother, and that if he continues to push himself he can be better still. Another example of this is when we see Vincent intellectually feeding himself at breakfast, whereas Anton was eating food.Finally, with Vincent winning again the third game of chicken, this delivers the films main theme, verbalise that human spirit along with the creative chaos of individuality will overrule genetic sup eriority and a perfect society no matter what.Question 7 What is the significance of the recurring ocean motif in the text in what ways have the film makers given this significance?The ocean motif in Gattaca represents the one thing that remains natural, as its vastness, power and unpredictability make it impossible to be influenced by the genetic and scientific manipulation of this artificial world.We are first given reference to the ocean at the time of Vincents conception, and this is the first connection between Vincent and nature that is represented. Also, as water can represent uncertainty perhaps this is a suggestion of the unpredictability of Vincents birth, as his parents left dowery to deal him an unpredictable genetic profile. Next, the ocean is involved in Vincent and Antons first game of chicken. In this scene we are shown not only the strength of the characters, but also of the ocean. In the second game of chicken we see the oceans ability to cause danger, even leadin g to death. Also, Anton beneath the surface of the water perhaps indicates deeper meanings entering the next layer of understanding. For example, after Anton is rescued by Vincent, this is when Vincent realises that although he may be an in-valid in a sea of valids, he has the determination to keep afloat and succeed in his natural setting.The love scene between Vincent and Irene also involves the ocean. This could represent a new beginning of calmness and trust, as the waves in this scene are gentle and placid, unlike those of the third game of chicken in which we again are shown links between the characters emotions and the oceans chaos, manipulation of fears, brutality and ability to take lives. When we are shown Vincent scrubbing himself on the shore at Irenes, the oceans ability to cleanse and revitalise is symbolised. This could also represent the timeline of a typical day in Vincents life the ocean washes away the struggle of the day to prepare Vincent for another day of trea ding water in his vicious sea of genetic manipulation and genoism, in which he feels he is slowly drowning.Question 8 Set in the not too distant future the film has a very retro look. Why is this?The retro theme consistent throughout the film is used to subtly hint that society regrets its decision of adopting a god-like power allowing the ability to genetically manipulate, and wishes to return to the past days when the natural way was natural conception and social equality. By living in a futuristic world combined with aspects of life trying to act as those true of the past, we can see that the society of Gattaca wont accept their mistakes, believing they werent made to begin with. Genetic manipulation hasnt resulted in the outcome they expected, and they are now clinging to all that is left of the untouched past. Infact, society didnt really have an expectation of what genetically manipulating would bring the disadvantages obviously werent considered, because if they had been, the segregation between valids and in-valids wouldnt have been so strong. Through this, the film makers are portraying the message that if we were to tamper with genetics, assuming superiority over the environment, we would most likely regret it.The definition of retro is reminiscent of things past not old but harking back. This relates to the society of Gattaca imitating fashions of the past whilst simultaneously incorporating modern twist. We can see this through such fashions, for instance the circa 1950s dresses worn at the piano recital, Irenes hairstyle go she is with Vincent at the nightclub and the cars of the time, especially Irenes. These imitations indicate future societys wistful longing for something (this being returning to the past) but not being able to as the line has been crossed and changes already occurred perfection now divides humanity- if we can still call it humanity, that is.The retro look maybe also be used to allow the viewer to relate to the feelings of the characters and films plot, indicating that aspects of a Gattaca future are already present in our everyday lives today, and that if society isnt careful a similar future is perhaps as not as far away as we expect. Hence the used not-too-distant-future phrase. We must also not forget that this film was filmed in the early 1990s, and that the fashion influences of this era may have affected the films set and props.Question 9 Vincent challenges the dominant ideology of the time whereas Irene accepts it. Give evidence to support this statement.There is a clear difference in the way the characters of Vincent and Irene are portrayed. For example, Vincent tells us I was never more certain how far away from my goal (of journeying to space) than when I was standing right beside it. Through this quote, Vincents determination to break free of the stereotypical mould that has been created for him and all in-valids is shown. A subtle hint that he rebels against societys keep and manipulation i s that he has lived past his life expectancy of 30.2 years. We can see that Vincent constantly questions the orderliness and precision of the world of Gattaca when he asks such things as I dont need rescuing, but you did once. Here Vincent is fighting for an answer, perhaps not from just Anton, but from society as a whole as if saying how do you explain that? Use your technology and genetic manipulation to figure that out. Another example of Vincents longing to escape from the judgement of belonging to the contaminated world is the mention he makes after his janitor boss tells him not to clean the glass too well, as Vincent might get ideas. Vincent, who has had enough of being left below with his deject class by valids on ascending escalators into Gattaca, smugly replies Youll be able to see me when Im on the other side of it. This is yet another indication of his perpetual fight in this losing battle, which does pay off for Vincent in the end.Irene on the other hand accepts the genetic hand she was dealt. Director, Niccol tells us I think of Irene as psyche who would lie down at the allotted minute as she would feel guilty for a minute longer than her profile proscribed. Vincent, who has lived past his 30.2 years, obviously doesnt feel the same way as Irene, does he?Irene first seems attracted to Vincent due to his perfect genes. But she doesnt act on her feelings for him immediately, as her obedience to societys ideology means that self-produced relationships would be out of the question almost impossible. Irene checks Vincents (Jeromes) genetic profile as she is interested in him, and is disappointed when she finds he is 9.3, quite a catch. As her thoughts are driven by the manipulation societys ideology has over her, she immediately presumes the curiosity wouldnt be mutual that Vincent could do better than someone with a heart defect.We should say that Irene unwillingly accepts the ideology of society. She tells Vincent The only trip Ill take in space is around the sun on this satellite right here. This is a sign of Irenes subtle jealously that Vincent excels in what she could only dream of obtaining- true perfection. After she asks Vincent about watching every single launch and tells him that he is the only one who watches them, she says If youre going to pretend that you dont care, dont look up. Her saying this indicates that the small things that seem trivial to valids, as they are in reach to them, seem unavailable (like a goal they will aim to achieve in time) to in-valids, as they have been excluded from such things. Irene supports and protects Vincent, even perhaps slightly undertaking a motherly role towards him. For example, she tells him to leave work and maintains the deception with Jerome when Anton investigates. Admiring his refusal to accept his genetic fate, this allows her to challenge her own flaws, especially her weak heart. Vincent tells Irene You are the authority on what is not possible, arent you? Theyve go t you looking for any flaw that after a while, thats all you see. Perhaps Vincent is referring to the flaws she sees within herself, and how she continues to allow these deficiencies to dictate her life, forcing her to abide by societys rules. He later tells her It is possible. Yes it is, and Vincents journey and achievement is proof that it is possible.Question 10 Do the right genes guarantee success? If not, then what does?The characters journey and experiences throughout the film show that genetic manipulation wont necessary result in perfection infact, the viewer is shown that the diversity of untouched human nature will always be preferred over an institutional, influenced society. As producer, Stacey Sher saysIn this society, there is no triumph because everything is predicted from birth, so there is always a hollowness to success. This is a world in which everyone is so obsessed with living longer that they no longer know how to be truly alive.Instead of manipulated fate, it is the strength an individual intellectually holds that truly determines the future of an individual. For instance, we can compare Anton and Vincent. Anton, the favourable brother, turns out to work for the police force not an over-successful role, just a middle class job. In other words, Anton doesnt live up to his pre-determined future as he only becomes a detective. Not to mention, he lost two out of three games of chicken, which shows that genes are not the only thing that determines fate. Vincent on the other hand manages to achieve the impossible. Surely this should be seen as successful? Vincent reaches his goal, whereas Anton never set any in the first place this doesnt show any willpower and pugnacity on Antons behalf. He was supposedly the son worthy of his fathers name, but he wasnt so worthy in the end.The next valid, Jerome, also shows genetic manipulation to be unfavourable. He lacks spirit and strength of character to succeed, as Niccol tells us when he says He (Jero me) was the very antithesis of Vincent. Vincent inspires Jerome, who overcomes suffering under the burden of perfection, with everything except desire. If a determined fate is such a miracle, why didnt Jerome come first in his swimming race? Also, it is obvious that trying to commit suicide isnt very successful. We are told that even before his accident, Jerome was lacking in the attributes that make life most worth living by Sher. So it seems that the pressure of being expected to meet such expectations in a way impacted Jeromes life heavily. Perhaps he felt that whenever he was not perfect, when he made a mistake, that his actions were scrutinised that the manicured world he belonged to was constantly analysing him as an experiment or the closest thing to flawlessness. In-valids wouldnt suffer under this burden of perfection. This is therefore another indication from the film makers that human nature will always triumph over eugenics. It took the satisfaction of helping Vincent ac hieve his dream for Jerome to realise what really mattered in both the valid and in-valid world. I think this is why Jeromes silver medal changes to gold in the end, as this is the moment he truly succeeds, realising that genetics dont rule over everything.Irene, a valid, had her own flaws too. She not only had a heart condition, but also the ability to feel the emotion of jealousy, and she had no self-motivation. A valid, like Jerome, she also needed the inspiration of Vincents aggression and strength of mind to become inspired herself.Discrimination against in-valids is only supported by the assumption that genetic manipulation perfects without a doubt. So where is the proof that pre-determined fate is truly an advantage? In contrast, there is proof that individuality can and does survive, despite all discrimination of in-validity. This proof is Vincent, his experiences of fighting in a clean world, and the journey he goes on to accomplish his dream.

Chevrolet Advertising :: Marketing Advertisement

Missing Figures/Works CitedGenuine Chevrolet Advertisers create ads in magazines to catch the look of readers and encourage them to want to secure the product. Each advertisement let ins claims, warrants, and supports, which make the advertisements attractive. For example, in the attached advertisement for Chevrolet Cavalier, each of these ideas used, makes the reader want to go out and buy this car. In the advertisement, there are many catchy phrases and pictures which make the car look very desirable. Furthermore, the general nature of a magazine such as People, where the ad is found, it attracts people of entirely types. As displayed in the Chevrolet advertisements, claims, warrants, and supports are used to attract people of all types. Claims in the advertisements are used to try and beat back people of all types to notice, admire, and eventually go out and buy this car. There are three different types of claims policy, fact, and value. The claims of policy in this advertisement are alike(p) to most claims of policy in ads, which are, buy this product. The claims of policy are created by the pretty picture on the opposite side of the page, and the writing on the ad. In the picture, the pretty mountains and bright sun look very inviting to someone who needs sometime to relax. By the desire to start out free time, the busy worker result think that the car will get them some free time. Then, they will want to buy the car. The writing includes lines such as, Finally. After working for what seems like forever, you have some time to yourself. Although this quote really does not have much to do with the car, it attracts the reader who may want some free time. The claims of fact include the statements about how many miles the car can go before needing a tune up and how it fits a low budget. These kinds of claims can attract people of all kinds, mainly people looking to spend little on a car for themselves or for their children. T he claims of value state that this car can take you wheresoever you want, and that even though going out during your free time may cost a lot, getting there wont. From these examples of claims of policy, fact, and value, the car looks very attractive to a reader.

The Marriage Ordeal: Rights and Ramifications :: essays research papers fc

2005The Marriage Ordeal Rights and RamificationsIn a country with its funda workforcetals based on liberty and equality, the States has always struggled with those very concepts. Throughout history, Americans have been challenged to contain decisions that have oppressed and freed certain groups of people. The political fight for equal-sex man and wifes is a perfect example of this notion. This relation surrounded by spouses has gived a major controversy that is creating history in our nation. A series of protests, acts and political scandal has finally opened America to discuss a issue that had been in the closet for a long time. This discussion asks questions that have caused a visceral reaction in society. Questions such as whether gays and lesbians should marry, and if so, should they be granted the same matrimony rights as heterosexual couples? Should marriage be protected to fit traditional American values? How would these unions affect or contribute to our definition of such a celebrated institution? .Tradition is a strong component in the institution of marriage. The ideal American dream usually involves the perfect fairy-tale unite with the gorgeous white wedding dress for the bride, the matching bridesmaids, the well-arranged bouquet and the numerous rituals that compose this well thought-out event. Usually it requires a great amount of planning, devotion and dollars to make the important day memorable. Family and friends come together to rejoice in the vows that will bond the two lovers into a lifetime journey of love, commitment and fidelity. Each mortal in the couple is expected to have a role in this institution. According to Judith Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee, in the idealized form of the older model of traditional marriage, the whiles primary job for self-definition is to provide for the economic well-being, protection, and stability of his family ...The womans job and self-definition, on the other hand, continue Wallerstein and Bl akeslee, is to care for her husband and children and to create a comfortable home that nourishes everyone, particularly her husband, who comes home each evening drained by the demands of his job (211). With a constantly changing society, the concept of marriage has also varied. The quickie Vegas drive-through wedding or the underwater vow exchange is not as unusual or shocking as it once was. nonetheless the roles of the persons involved have changed to fit the shape of societys needs. For example the modern companionate marriage which is founded on the couples shared beliefs that men and women are equal partners in all spheres of life and that their roles, including those of marriage, are completely interchangeable (Wallerstein, Blakeslee 155).